Is Management A Complex, Diverse And Eclectic Domain For A...

Management is a complex, diverse and eclectic domain including work of a technical, economic, political, cultural, psychological and communicative nature (Alvesson and Deetz, 2000) There is no proper timeline to when the process management started there is a lot of management process techniques and theories which was there before the term actually coined by the historians there is no way in which pyramids of Egypt could be formed without management skills there certainly no way possible that Alexander the great started his journey to conquer the world without any plan or the Mughal emperor establish without management at that time the task were performed by kings and his ministers they act as mangers, slaves can be referred to as worker. Examples of good management are still being witness in some of the old civilizations, which are found by archaeologist. Later as civilizations started to grow and started gaining knowledge about human needs and requirement more specific research started to took place to improves life’s of people there was more to offer then to loose later in the 17th century the needs of the people started to grow and people started looking different ways to be ahead of one another that actually affected the way in which then require more proper way to handle situations as demand started to grow and it was becoming difficult for small organizations to handle growing needs of developing world which lead to rise of industrial revolution it started withShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Good Management Skills?2943 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Management is a complex, diverse and eclectic domain involving aspects of technical, economic, political, cultural, psychological and communicative nature (Alvesson and Deetz, 2000). There is no proper timeline to when the process management started. There are a lot of management process techniques and theories, which existed before historians coined the term. One cannot say that the pyramids of Egypt could have been constructed without any managerial skills, it would certainly be impossibleRead MoreBusiness Opportunities14520 Words   |  59 PagesKirznerian entrepreneur is considered to be a discoverer of opportunities, which are found in the environment because they arise from market disequilibria. This form of entrepreneurship is considered to be non-novel and not a major contributor to national economic well-being. The sources for Schumpeterian opportunities have been so well-studied that the field has a typology for them. Schumpeterian opportunities can be found in technological changes, political/regulatory changes and socio-demographic changesRead MoreReview of Related Literature and Studies (Autism)4684 Words   |  19 Pagesdifficulty developing and maintaining social relationships with peers, problems in the social use of language, unusual non-verbal behaviors including gesture, abnormalities of emotional awareness and expression, and in general, difficulty meeting cultural expectations for age-appropriate social behavior and social- emotional depends secondly on the ability to evaluate and modify our own behavior in light of what believe to be true about others, so that our behavior toward them will be effective inRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesWhat is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and t his is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better)Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesTourism Industry Evolution and Revolution in the Hi-Fi Sector Amazon.com ï £ ©2007 - Early 2009 The Formula 1 Constructors Web Reservations International: Challenging Industry Norms Manchester United FC: Continuing Success but at What Cost? Hermes Fund Management, Total and Premier Oil: The Responsibility and Accountability of Business From Small Town Pharmacy to a Multinational Corporation: Pierre Fabre, Culture as a Competitive Advantage Cordia LLP: Service Reform in the Public Sector 170 175 180 183 193Read MoreChapter 6 – Analyzing Busines s Markets23838 Words   |  96 PagesChapter 6 – Analyzing Business Markets True/False Questions 1. SAP is a German software company that helps businesses automate their finance and management systems. True (easy) pp. 101–102 2. Organizational buying is the decision-process by which organizations establish and satisfy their needs for goods and services. True (moderate) p. 102 3. Mining, manufacturing, banking, and distribution services are all considered part of the business market. True (easy) p. 102 4. Schools andRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagescontext that involves a growing level of complexity. The remaining reasons reflect internal pressures that inhibit brand building. The fifth reason, the temptation to change a sound brand strategy, is particularly insidious because it is the management equivalent of shooting yourself in the foot. The sixth and seventh reasons, the organizational bias against innovation and the pressure to invest elsewhere, are special problems facing strong brands. They can be caused by arrogance but are more

The Encyclopedia Of Dna Elements - 2709 Words

INTRODUCTION The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a project designed to compare and contrast the repertoire of RNAs produced by the human cells and cross verify with other methods like NGS. After a five year start-up since the beginning of the ENCODE project just 1% of the human genome has been observed and what was achieved was just the confirmation of the results of previous studies. RNA has functions of coding, regulation, decoding, and gene expression. RNA highlights the sequential output from genomes which gives the genetic information. They define the cells regulatory capabilities by their synthesis, translation, transport, processing, and modification. DNA, RNA and cellular proteins are the three most essential†¦show more content†¦Cytosol and Nucleus) for 15 cell lines that were observed. This project also aims to evaluate the degree of modification of the identified transcript at their 3’ and 5’ termini in the predicament of polyadenylation or 7-methyl guanosine cap. A genes isoform expression limits the boundary of minimalistic expression strategy which results in general behavior of genes to express simultaneous multiple isoforms. The results of gene expression range nearly at ten to twelve expressed isoforms for every gene in every cell line. This study shows that 6% of the entire annotated non-coding and coding gene transcripts are overlapping with small RNAs. Highly specific subcellular positioning is found for both unannotated annotated short RNA. METHODS In this paper, the necessary RNA data set was generated by subcellular fractionation of the 15 cell lines considered to analyse the human transcriptome. Thus isolated RNAs were classified into two categories long (200 nucleotides) and short (200 nucleotides) and the long transcripts were further separated into polyadenylated and non-polyadenylated transcripts. Data set Generation The procedure followed for data set generation in this paper is mentioned below: †¢ 15 cell lines were acquired for the purpose of this experiment. Process of subcellular compartment fractionation was performed on these cell lines, this included complete cells, nucleus and cytosol (seen in Table 1). †¢ The process of fractionation

Crime and Censorship free essay sample

Our world is in a downward spiral to coplete loss of morality. Heinous violence, murder, or crude and shocking behavior seem to be a normal occurrence in our society. It may lead one to wonder what has put society onto this slippery slope. How did this type of behavior come to be so acceptable and in some cases glorifiable? A careful study of society may lead to multi media as being the main cause in this changing of ideals. The modern world has become desensitized to the acts shown on television, movies, video games or printed in news papers and magazines. Censorship must be employed if morals and decency are to be preserved. One of the culprits of criminal behavior is T. V. violence. Violent programs may have a negative influence on those individuals who are already violence-prone, or children who are living through vulnerable periods of their development. Adult violent offenders tend to have shown certain personality features as children, â€Å"one being they tended to have viewed violence on television† (Congressional Digest). We will write a custom essay sample on Crime and Censorship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the amounts of violence on television continues to grow. A typical child watched eight thousand murders and one hundred thousand acts of violence before finishing elementary school. When displayed this often, how can people not become desensitized to criminal acts? By allowing this type of material to be openly exposed to the public we are endangering safety and society’s values. Without control of what material is delivered to the masses, we cannot expect people to have a proper sense of right and wrong as they will constantly see the horrific things that happen in the false reality of the media and become immune to feelings of disgust toward such atrocious deeds. Controlling what is viewed on television is the responsibility of the government in order to decrease violence in the real world. More evidence that shows censorship may be positive is explained when we examine what drives delinquent activity. To see this we must take a look at what is inside the mind of a criminal. Eighty-one percent of criminals rate pornography as their highest sexual interest. This means that a clear majority of criminals like pornography and find it highly interesting. Most other people probably rank other human beings as their highest sexual interest. Further evidence of the relation between pornography and crime is seen when an adult bookstore is closed; the crime rate in the surrounding areas falls significantly. With this we see that censorship is a helpful idea for America. Taking away pornography from criminals may allow their minds to focus on other things and could prove to be an important tool in the reform of hardened criminals. Another issue that deserves addressing is the lack of censorship in public facilities. Librarians have often complained about the lack of control they have over what the patrons view on the computers in the library. Websites featuring pictures of lewd sexual acts are often left to be displayed on the screens for library workers and other patrons to find who do not want to see this kind of material. Some patrons are often children, these being the people who should be protected most from this type of exposure. This type of atmosphere also leads to increased sexual harassment. People unwilling to view things such as pornography should not have to be subjected to this matter in order to do their job or use a public computer. Clearly, censorship in this type of situation would be of a great benefit to society. When these points are taken into account we can see that censorship is a necessity in society today. It will allow our children a better chance to develop in a healthy way. Without crime being pushed onto society everyday, deviant thoughts might not be so deeply set into impressionable individuals. In addition, people would not have to worry if they are going to view something that will disturb them when they want to use a public service such as a computer at a library. Censorship is not taking away the rights of citizens, it is protecting the rights of people who do not wish to be exposed to certain things. It is also a great tool in preserving morals and social order. Violence in things such as movies and pornography are obvious to encourage criminal, or immoral behavior. Restricting such materials to certain times and places may keep them being viewed as taboo, and not allow them to become the norms of society. When these grounds are considered, we can see that censorship is a beneficial tool and must be applied in order to keep society at a safe, respectable, and just level.

Isolation Precautions Essay Example For Students

Isolation Precautions Essay Isolation Precautions Special precautionary measures, practices, and procedures used in the care of patients with contagious or communicable diseases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides explicit and comprehensive guidelines for control of the spread of infectious disease in the care of hospitalized patients. The type of infectious disease a patient has dictates the kind of isolation precautions necessary to prevent spread of the disease to others. Standard Precautions are the primary tool for the successful control of hospital acquired infections. Standard Precautions are those precautions designed for the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. When you are close to, or are handling, blood, body fluid, body tissues, mucous membranes, or areas of open skin, you must use personal protective equipment, depending on the anticipated exposure, such as gloves, mask and goggles, apron, gown, and shoe covers. Airborne precautions may be needed for germs that are so small they can float in the air and travel long distances. Airborne precautions help keep staff, visitors, and ther patients from breathing in these germs and getting sick. These germs include chicken pox, measles, and active tuberculosis (TB). Patients who have these germs should be in a special room where the air is gently sucked out. This is called a negative pressure room. Everyone who goes into the room should put on a respirator mask that fits well before they enter the room. Gloves are to be worn when entering the room. A gown should be worn if you anticipate that your clothing will become contaminated with infectious materials. Gown and gloves should be removed before eaving the patients room and hands washed thoroughly. If the patient must leave their room for diagnostic tests or treatments, notify the receiving department that the patient requires Contact Precautions. Contact precautions may be needed for germs that are spread by direct or indirect contact. This means that the bacteria or virus can be acquired by either directly touching the infected site or body fluid or by touching equipment that may be contaminated with infectious material. Everyone who enters the room who may touch the patient or objects in the room should wear a gown and gloves. These precautions help keep staff and visitors from spreading the germs after touching a patient or an object the patient has touched. Droplet precautions are used to prevent contact with mucus and other secretions from the nose and sinuses, throat, airways, and lungs. Droplet transmission occurs when the person coughs or sneezes and releases large respiratory droplets into the usually falling within 3 feet of the patient. These particles are too heavy to remain in the air and to be carried on air currents. Illnesses that require droplet precautions nclude influenza (flu), pertussis (whooping cough), and mumps. Everyone who goes into the room should wear a surgical mask. 1. A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of suspected meningococcal meningitis. Which of the following nursing measures should the nurse do FIRST? a. Institute seizure precautions b. Assess neurologic status c. Place in respiratory isolation d. Assess vital signs 2. A client is diagnosed with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. What type of isolation is MOST appropriate for this client? . Reverse isolation b. Respiratory isolation c. Standard precautions d. Contact isolation 3. Several clients are admitted to an adult medical unit. The nurse would ensure airborne precautions for a client with which of the following medical conditions? a. A diagnosis of AIDS and cytomegalovirus b. A positive PPD with an abnormal chest x-ray c. A tentative diagnosis of viral pneumonia d. Advanced ca rcinoma of the lung 4. Which of the following is the FIRST priority in preventing infections when providing care for a client? a. Handwashing b. Wearing gloves c. .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .postImageUrl , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:hover , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:visited , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:active { border:0!important; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:active , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide EssayUsing a barrier between clients furniture and nurses bag d. Wearing gowns and goggles 5. An adult woman is admitted to an isolation unit in the hospital after tuberculosis was detected during a pre-employment physical. Although frightened about her diagnosis, she is anxious to cooperate with the therapeutic regimen. The teaching plan includes information regarding the most common means of transmitting the tubercle bacillus from one individual to another. Which contamination is usually responsible? a. Hands. b. Droplet nuclei. c. Milk products. d. Eating utensils.

The Economic Performance of the UAE

The aim of this paper was to analyze the economic performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In particular, the paper focused on the effect of the decline in economic growth rate in 2012 and the fiscal policy that can be implemented to boost economic growth. The IMF predicted a reduction in economic growth of the country from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. The country’s limited capacity to increase oil production is one of the factors that were expected to cause the decline in economic growth.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings of this paper indicate that the reduction of economic growth rate would reduce the country’s real output and increase unemployment in the long-run. Consequently, the government should implement an expansionary fiscal policy in order to stimulate economic growth. Moreover, the g overnment should focus on controlling the inflation and the crowding-out effect associated with expansionary fiscal policy. Summary of the Article According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the expansion rate of the economy of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was expected to reduce from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. The reduction was attributed to the country’s inability to increase its oil production. Nonetheless, the economy was expected to maintain its recovery. The 2009-2010 Dubai debt crisis adversely affected the country’s property industry. Consequently, Dubai World, which is a state-owned corporation, had to restructure its debts that were worth twenty five billion dollars. Nonetheless, the country was able to survive the crisis due to favorable oil prices and improved trade with Asia. According to the IMF, the uncertainty of the performance of the world economy was a threat to UAE’s forecasted growth. Concisely, continued decline in the performan ce of the world economy would limit the ability of UAE’s state-owned corporations to replace their maturing debts with new ones. Despite the efforts made to restructure the debts, most state-owned corporations still required high refinancing. The IMF also believed that the government’s decision to consolidate fiscal policy was right. Explanation of the Article based on AD-AS Model The economy of the UAE as described in the article can be explained in the framework of the aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) model. The model is made of up of three curves namely, the â€Å"aggregate demand curve (AD), the short run aggregate supply curve (SAS) and the long run supply curve (LAS)† (Rossana 81). Figure 1 shows the short run equilibrium of the economy of the UAE. Aggregate demand includes consumption by private economic entities, investments, government expenditure, and net exports (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 241). In this regard, the factors that will cau se a shift in the AD curve of UAE’s economy include foreign income, income distribution, and fiscal policy, as well as, anticipations concerning future output and prices.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Foreign income refers to the income earned in UAE’s major trading partners such as the United States of America, Europe, and Asian countries. According to the article, the recovery of the global economy is uncertain. This implies that foreign income will reduce if the global economy continues to deteriorate. Thus, the demand for UAE’s exports such as oil will reduce. As a result, the earnings of UAE’s exporting firms will decrease. This partly explains why the state-linked firms will not be able to rollover their debts if the performance of the global economy worsens. Overall, the decline in foreign income will cause the AD curve to shift to the l eft from AD0 to AD1, thereby reducing real output from Y0 to Y1. Following IMF’s prediction of economic decline, producers expect demand for their products to reduce in future. Thus, they will reduce investments and production in order to avoid the losses associated with high variable costs and low demand (Rossana 126). Similarly, consumers will associate the expected economic decline with reduced future earnings. Thus, they are likely to reduce consumption in order to save for the future. Consequently, the AD curve will shift to the left from AD0 to AD1, whereas real output will reduce from Y0 to Y1. As firms reduce investments and production in response to the expected economic decline, the â€Å"distribution of income from profit earners to wage earners is likely to worsen† (Minford and Peel 329). Generally, wage earners allocate a larger portion of their income to consumption than profit earners. Thus, allocation of income in favor of profit earners rather than wag e earners will move the AD curve to the left. Finally, the government’s plan to consolidate fiscal policy is likely to involve a reduction in public expenditure. This will lower aggregate demand, thereby shifting the AD curve to the left. The SAS illustrates the response of prices and real output to changes in aggregate demand in the short run (Romer 415). UAE’s short run supply curve will shift due to changes in productivity. The expected economic decline will lead to reduced productivity, thereby shifting the SAS curve in figure 2 to the left from SAS0 to SAS1.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, real output will reduce from Y0 to Y1. If the global economy continues to deteriorate, the prices of UAE’s exports will decline. This will discourage production among exporters, thereby reducing aggreg ate supply. Thus, the SAS curve will shift to the left. The expected decline in economic growth will cause the aggregate supply curve and the aggregate demand curve to shift to the left. These shifts are associated with a reduction in real output from Y0 to Y1. As a result, the short run equilibrium of the country’s economy will shift from E0 to E1. Description of the Economic Situation of the Market The expected decline in economic growth will affect both the goods and factor markets. In the goods market, the economic decline can have positive effects for consumers. This is because inflation usually declines when economic growth reduces (Rossana 112). Concisely, economic decline reduces demand for goods and services. Thus, producers and sellers are likely to reduce the prices of their products in order to stimulate demand and to clear their stock of manufactured goods, thereby reducing inflation. In this case, the consumers will have a higher purchasing power than they had b efore the reduction of the prices. On the contrary, the price reductions will affect the producers negatively. This is because it will reduce their profit margins. In addition, some producers might sell their goods at a loss. The expected economic decline will also affect prices in the factor market. As profits reduce, companies are likely to implement cost-cutting measures such as reducing their workforce. Moreover, companies are likely to reduce their investments in new equipment or borrowing in order to expand their operations (Minford and Peel 215). In this regard, factor prices will fall. For example, wage rates are likely to reduce as companies layoff their employees. Similarly, interest rates, which is the cost of financial capital is likely to reduce as demand for loans declines. The reduction in factor prices will benefit producers by lowering their costs of production. Nonetheless, it will negatively affect suppliers of factors of production. For example, low wage rates wi ll reduce workers’ disposable income and purchasing power. The Right Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy refers to the use of â€Å"government expenditure, taxation, and borrowing to influence the level of aggregate demand, output, and jobs in an economy† (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 197). Fiscal policy enables the government to influence the pattern of expenditure and income distribution in its economy.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Keynesians believe that fiscal policy has a great impact on consumption, productivity, and job creation in an economy that has an excess capacity. Thus, the government of the UAE should implement an expansionary fiscal policy in order to prevent a recession. An expansionary fiscal policy refers to â€Å"the increase in government expenditure and or a decrease in taxes that usually results into an increase in budget deficit or a reduction in budget surplus† (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 210). Justification for Implementing Expansionary Fiscal Policy An expansionary fiscal policy should be implemented because it will enable the government to reverse the economic decline. Concisely, the policy will spur economic growth by stimulating consumption and demand. The unemployment rate in the UAE increased from 3% in 2008 to 4.2% in 2012 (Nyarko 4-15). On the contrary, the country’s inflation rate was as low as 0.7% in 2012. The increase in unemployment rate, low inflation, and the expected reduction in GDP growth suggest that the economy is operating below its potential output. The government can push the country’s real output back to its near potential level by implementing an expansionary fiscal policy that involves an increase in public spending. Government â€Å"expenditure is one of the components of aggregate demand† (Rossana 47). Thus increasing it will result into an increase in aggregate demand. Figure 3 shows the effect of an expansionary fiscal policy on real output. According to figure 3, a rise in aggregate demand due to an increase in spending by the government will move the AD curve to the right from AD0 to AD1. Consequently, the country’s real output will increase from Y0 to Yp. In this case, Yp is the potential output. As the economy moves towards its potential output, the rate of GDP growth is likely to increase. How the Expansionary Fiscal Policy will affect the Economy First, the policy will lead to increased e conomic growth, thereby improving earnings in the private and public sector. Concisely, firms are likely to increase investments and to employ more people in order to increase their production in response to the expected increase in aggregate demand (Rossana 233). In this regard, increased productivity will raise firm profits and the incomes earned by workers. The government can also create employment through the expansionary fiscal policy. For example, it can create thousands of jobs in the construction industry by constructing new roads and schools. Second, an expansionary fiscal policy is likely to be inflationary. Figure 3 shows that prices will increase from P0 to P1 as real output increases after the implementation of the expansionary fiscal policy. A sharp increase in inflation is not desirable because it will reverse the benefits of the economic growth. Concisely, a high inflation reduces consumers’ purchasing power. Thus, aggregate demand will reduce if wages are not raised in response to the increase in inflation (Minford and Peel 316). Similarly, a high inflation will raise the prices of inputs, thereby increasing production costs. If the producers are able to pass the high costs of production to consumers, the prices of various goods and services will increase, thereby reducing demand. However, producers will have to absorb the high costs of production if they cannot share them with the consumers. In this case, firm profits will reduce in response to the high production costs. Nonetheless, the inflationary effect is not likely to be severe because the country’s inflation in 2012 was less than 1% (World Bank). Countries can increase their economic growth rate and create employment as long as they maintain a single digit inflation rate (Rossana 102). Thus, the inflation associated with the expansionary fiscal policy is not likely to be detrimental if it is less than 10%. Third, the expansionary fiscal policy is likely to increase UAEâ⠂¬â„¢s public debt if it is financed through borrowing. In 2012, the country’s public debt as a percentage of its GDP was 40%. Thus, the country is likely to fall into a debt trap if it continues to increase its public debt. A debt trap is a situation in which the government has to borrow in order to pay the interests charged on its existing debts. Countries that have fallen into debt traps often have poor credit ratings due to their limited ability to repay their loans. Thus, a low credit rating will limit the country’s ability to access capital from foreign lenders such as the IMF. High public debt is also not desirable because it involves a redistribution of income from taxpayers to holders of government debt securities (Romer 516). In this regard, it is likely to redistribute income from low-income earners who pay taxes to the rich who invest in government bonds. This is because the interests on government bonds are paid through taxes. Fourth, an expansionary fisca l policy is likely to have a crowding-out effect in the economy if it is implemented through a large deficit spending. In this case, the government will have to borrow a large amount of financial capital from the public in order to implement the policy. Conceptually, the government will be competing with private firms for capital. Consequently, interest rates will increase, thereby limiting the ability of private firms to access credit through the financial and capital markets. The government will have to increase taxes in order to repay the funds borrowed from the public. High taxes in the medium run will reduce consumers’ disposable income (Minford and Peel 117). The resulting reduction in consumption and demand, as well as, limited access to capital will lead to reduced investments. Thus, economic growth will decline. The Fiscal Policy Tools The tools that should be used to implement expansionary fiscal policy are increased government spending and tax cuts. Increased gover nment expenditure can be implemented in the following was. First, the government can increase its transfer payments. This involves increasing expenditure on social security programs such as unemployment benefit, state pension, and grants to students. Transfer payments ensure that every citizen has access to some minimum regular income (Minford and Peel 391). Transfer payments will improve the purchasing power of the poor, thereby increasing aggregate demand and economic growth. Second, the government can expand its current budget on recurrent expenditure. This involves increasing expenditure on public goods such as education and health care. In this regard, the government can increase employment in the education and health sector by hiring more teachers and nurses respectively. Additionally, the government can improve the salaries of workers in the sectors that provide public goods. Provision of public goods also involves expenditure on consumables such as stationery. Thus, aggregat e demand is likely to increase as the government increases its expenditure on public goods. This will lead to improved economic growth. Finally, government expenditure can be increased through capital spending. This involves increasing investments on infrastructure such roads, schools, and hospitals. Capital spending has a great effect on aggregate demand and supply because it stimulates high consumption. For example, construction of new roads will increase demand in the industries that supply construction materials. In addition, construction projects usually create thousands of employment opportunities. This will help the country to address the problem of persistent unemployment. Taxes can be direct or indirect. Direct taxes are charged on employment income and profits. Indirect taxes are levied on spending. They include value added tax (VAT) and excise duties on goods such as petrol. Most residents of the UAE do not pay personal income tax. Nonetheless, corporate tax is charged in most of the emirates. For example, nearly all companies in Dubai pay taxes on their earnings. In Dubai, corporate tax can be as high as 55% (Nyarko 4-15). Generally, most emirates levy corporate taxes on foreign oil companies, petrochemical firms, and foreign banks. These companies pay up to 55% of their operating profits as income tax to the government. Even though most residents of the UAE are exempted from income tax, they usually pay several indirect taxes. For example, municipal taxes of between 5% and 10% are usually levied on revenue generated from entertainment services, hotel operations, and commercial premises (Nyarko 4-15). In addition, most imported goods are subject to an import duty of up to 5%. Thus, the government can still implement the expansionary fiscal policy by reducing indirect taxes that are levied on consumption. For example, a reduction of taxes on entertainment and hotel rooms can lower the cost of staying in hotels. Consequently, hotel occupancy will inc rease, thereby raising the income of hotel owners and securing jobs in the hotel and restaurant industry. In addition, the government can reduce the corporate taxes that are paid by foreign oil and bank companies in order to improve their earnings. Lower taxes will enable these companies to allocate a better part of their earnings to investments rather than paying taxes. This will increase their productivity, thereby promoting economic growth. Impact of the Fiscal Policy Tools in the Economy Increased Government Expenditure Increased government spending will benefit the economy in the following ways. First, capital spending will lead to an increase in the total assets of the state. In particular, it will lead to expansion of the infrastructure that is necessary for the growth of businesses in the country. For example, the expansion of roads and railway systems will improve efficiency in transportation. The resulting reduction in the cost of transportation will reduce the overall cos t of producing goods and services in the economy. According to figure 4, a reduction in the cost of production shifts the aggregate supply curve downwards, thereby increasing real output from Y1 to Y2. This shows that investments on infrastructure that support economic activities will lead to high economic growth. Furthermore, foreign direct investments are likely to increase if capital spending is used to expand the country’s infrastructure. For example, more airlines are likely to operate form Dubai if its airport is expanded. This will create more jobs and spur economic growth through increased consumption. Second, provision of public goods and services such as education and health care will have positive supply-side effects in the economy by improving the quality of the country’s human capital. For example, funding higher education through grants to students will enable more people to improve their technical skills. People with high academic qualifications are like ly to be highly productive because they have the knowledge and skills that are necessary for achieving innovation (Al-Khateeb, Darrat and Elkhal 297-306). Similarly, spending on youth apprenticeship programs will enable fresh graduates to gain adequate job experience, thereby improving their employability. Concisely, it will enable the government to improve the competitiveness of the youth in the job market in order to reduce unemployment in the country. Similarly, expenditure in the health care sector will improve the health status of the citizens, thereby improving their productivity. Third, expanding social safety net programs is an effective way of improving the incomes of the poorest people in the country. By 2012, nearly 10% of the population of the United Arab Emirates was living in poverty (World Bank). Improving the income of the population living in poverty through transfer payments will boost consumption. The resulting increase in demand for goods and services will encour age producers to increase their output through new investments. Transfer payments are also a means of income and wealth redistribution in the economy. This is because transfer payment programs are financed through taxes, which are often paid by the rich. The benefit of redistributing income from the rich to the poor is that it enhances equality in the economy. Additionally, reducing income disparity reduces the chances of social unrests, which can hinder productivity and economic growth. Tax Cuts Tax cuts will affect the economy in the following ways. To begin with, reducing corporate tax will enhance investment in the economy. The oil and gas sector contributes approximately 31.3% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates (Nyarko 4-15). Nonetheless, companies in this industry, especially, the foreign ones pay nearly 55% of their operating profits as taxes. This reduces the amount of funds that firms in the industry can allocate to investments and expansion. According to the article, r educed production in the oil and gas industry is one the factors that were expected to slow the country’s economic growth. However, productivity in the industry can be improved by lowering taxes in order to enable firms to allocate a large portion of their earnings to investments. For instance, firms in the industry can focus on oil exploration, thereby increasing the country’s oil and gas output. Any small increase in productivity in the oil and gas industry is likely to have a great multiplier effect in the economy. This is because the industry employs thousands of people and supplies oil, which is the main source of energy for production in the country. Lowering taxes is also likely to attract foreign direct investments in the country. Foreign investors often invest in countries that provide tax incentives so that they can improve their earnings. An increase in foreign direct investments will have a powerful demand-side effect in the economy. Concisely, the consumpt ions associated with new investments by foreign investors will increase the demand for various goods and services in the economy. The increase in demand will encourage producers to increase their output, thereby increasing the country’s GDP (Rossana 88). Finally, reducing the level of compulsory pension contribution will improve the purchasing power of the citizens. Concisely, a reduction of the compulsory contributions will enable the citizens to have a high disposable income, which will enable them to purchase more goods and services. Impact on Macroeconomic Indicators The article highlights three important macroeconomic factors, which have implications for the country. These include the expected reduction in GDP growth, planned fiscal consolidation, and uncertain performance of the world economy and financial markets. These factors will affect the country’s unemployment and output in the following ways. Output The forecasted reduction in economic growth means that t he country’s output (measured by GDP) expanded at a slower rate in 2012 than in the previous year. Expectations concerning future decline in economic activity usually influence production decisions. Producers and investors associate a reduction in the rate of economic growth with a decline in profits or corporate earnings (Romer 477). Thus, they are likely to reduce their output in response to the expected decline in demand as the economy slows down. In this regard, expectations of a decline in future earnings will lower the country’s output. The country’s output is also likely to decline if the global economic environment continues to deteriorate. Concisely, poor performance of the world economy will reduce the demand for the country’s main exports such as oil. Thus, UAE’s exporters will reduce their output in response to the low demand for their products. Similarly, uncertainty in the global financial environment will limit the ability of UAEâ₠¬â„¢s firms to access credit from foreign markets. This will limit investments and reduce the country’s output. Fiscal consolidation involves implementing strategies that enable the government to reduce its budget deficit and overall public debt (Rossana 121). Thus, fiscal consolidation involves a reduction in public spending by the government. Reducing government expenditure is essentially a contractionary fiscal policy. According to figure 5, a reduction in government spending will cause a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left, thereby reducing real output from Y0 to Y1. Thus, fiscal consolidation is likely to reduce the country’s output. Unemployment Unemployment is a lagging macroeconomic indicator because it usually takes time to respond to a change in GDP growth. Thus, the country’s unemployment rate may not change significantly in the short run as the economy slows down. Reducing the workforce in response to falling demand and hiring new employe es as economic activity improves usually involves high costs. Thus, firms are likely to retain their employees in the short run even if the rate of GDP growth is reducing. In this case, the unemployment rate may not increase by a big margin. Okun’s law suggests a negative long run relationship between unemployment and GDP growth (Chamberlin, Linda and Yueh 245). Thus, if the country’s economic decline persists for a long time, unemployment rate will increase. This is because firms will opt to reduce their workforce in order to avoid high fixed costs. According to Okun’s law, the rate at which new jobs are created depends on the rate of GDP growth. Thus, a reduction in the growth of the country’s GDP will slow the rate at which new jobs are created. Hence, the problem of high unemployment will persist. Conclusion The IMF expected the rate of GDP growth in the UAE to decline from 4.9% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2012. This decline was attributed to the countryâ€⠄¢s limited capacity to increase oil production and uncertain global economic environment. The country’s government can stimulate economic growth by implementing an expansionary fiscal policy. In particular, it should increase public spending and reduce taxes. An expansionary fiscal policy is appropriate because the country has a low inflation rate, whereas its unemployment rate is high. Additionally, the policy will stimulate demand, thereby increasing the rate of GDP growth. Nonetheless, an expansionary fiscal policy is likely to be inflationary. Moreover, it can crowd-out investments in the private sector and increase public debt if it is financed through large-scale borrowing. In this regard, the government should also implement policies that will prevent high inflation and the crowding-out effect. Appendix Figure 1: AD-AS Model (shift in AD curve) Figure 2: AD-AS Model (shift in SAS curve) Figure 3: Effect of expansionary fiscal policy Figure 4: Effect of reduced prod uction costs Figure 5: effect of fiscal consolidation Works Cited Al-Khateeb, Faisal, Ali Darrat and Khaled Elkhal. â€Å"The UAE Growth Surge: Have Information Technology and Human Capital Contributed?† Studies in Economics adn Finance 24.4 (2007): 297-306. Print. Chamberlin, Graeme, Linda Linda and Yi-Chuang Yueh. Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. Print. Minford, Patrick and David Peel. Advanced Macroeconomics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2002. Print. Nyarko, Yaw. The United Arab Emirates. Business. New York: UNU-WIDER, 2013. Print. Romer, David. Advanced Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print. Rossana, Robert. Macroeconomics. London: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. World Bank. UAE Economic Indicators. World Bank Group, 31 Dec. 2012. Web. This report on The Economic Performance of the United Arab Emirates was written and submitted by user Jaqueline Foley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

cd essays

cd essays Dont worry, be happy was by Played by Bobby Mcferrin in the seventies . The in this piece the texture changes a lot as the work progresses. Every time the music would take a slower beat the texture would become thicker and the dynamic or the volume becomes lower. When the dynamic slows, one instrument would only be playing, and all at once when the tempo picks up more, and than three or more instrument would be playing. It seemed that when there are more than one instrument playing, they would all have a solo part to contribute. For example, the violin would play a fast tempo and the clarinet would play a slower tempo. The instrument that I most noticed in this piece is the violin. Throughout the piece the violin keeps on changing tempo and dynamic. What I liked most about this piece this how the instruments answer each other with a different beat, and dynamics. The piece called "All I want" was written by Bobby Mcferrin.. In this piece I would say that the texture stayed the same most of the time. It starts out with a very slow tempo. It is like walking in a desert without water. The tempo keeps on dragging you to a faster and more dynamic sound. When that happens it is like taking the first taste of water after a long walk in the desert. The violin plays as the main instrument when it comes to the faster tempo and dynamic part. The clarinet on the other hand takes the slower mood in the piece. The volume would get louder as the tempo picks up. What I liked about this particular piece is the way it changed its tempo from vary slow to vary fast. What I did not like is that their are not enough instruments involved. The only instrument that stood out I would have to say is the violin. ...

My travels around the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My travels around the world - Essay Example On the first day, I have arrived by plane from UAE to Paris, taken my bags and then went to the hotel. I have arranged my room before sleeping. On the second day, I went to the Montmartre area to see the Basilique du Sacrà ©-Coeur and walked up to the metro that would take me to the Eiffel Tower. Going up the tower for a full view of the city is a prime Paris tourist activity. At night, I have taken dinner then made my way over again to see the beautiful Eiffel Tower at night. At night, the Eiffel Tower, with its lights, is a beautiful sight to behold. The next day I have gone to the Louvre for an afternoon of art, culture, and history. I have taken lunch at the food court in the Carrousel du Louvre under the glass pyramid. The next item on my itinerary was to go up to the second most famous places in Paris, the Arc de Triomphe, for a panoramic view of Paris. On the fourth day, I have stayed at the hotel because I was very tired. In the next two days, I have gone to the Shanzelize S treet to do some shopping.   On March 8, 2013, I arrived by plane in Madrid, took my bags to the hotel and went to sleep. The next day, I went to the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum and chose this Museum because it has covered more contemporary art periods. I then walked up to Parque Del Retiro, one of the best city parks I have ever seen. It is very beautiful. In Parque Del Retiro, there are statues, a lake with boating, all of the kinds of plants and flowers and plenty of places for sitting and relaxing.